Abstraction in Python

Abstraction in Python — a practical guide to Python abstraction with clear examples you can reuse in real projects.

Python Tutorial Series (50/95). Prefer one article? Read the complete Python tutorial.

Short description

Abstraction focuses on what an object does, not how. Use `abc` for formal abstract classes.

Abstract class

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        ...

class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side):
        self.side = side

    def area(self):
        return self.side * self.side

print(Square(4).area())