Encapsulation in JavaScript

Encapsulation in JavaScript — a practical guide to JavaScript encapsulation with clear examples you can reuse in real projects.

JavaScript Tutorial Series (58/101). Prefer one article? Read the complete JavaScript tutorial.

Short description

Public API small; private state protected.

Private field

class Counter {
  #n = 0;
  inc() {
    this.#n += 1;
    return this.#n;
  }
}