Closures in JavaScript

Closures in JavaScript — a practical guide to JavaScript closures with clear examples you can reuse in real projects.

JavaScript Tutorial Series (50/101). Prefer one article? Read the complete JavaScript tutorial.

Short description

Closures power modules, event handlers, and function factories.

Closure

function makeCounter() {
  let n = 0;
  return () => {
    n += 1;
    return n;
  };
}
const next = makeCounter();