Encapsulation in OOP

Encapsulation in OOP — a practical guide to encapsulation OOP with clear examples you can reuse in real projects.

OOP Tutorial Series (15/65). Prefer one article? Read the complete OOP tutorial.

Short description

Encapsulation protects invariants (rules). Callers use methods instead of changing properties directly.

Encapsulated API

class Temperature {
    public function __construct(private float $celsius) {}
    public function toFahrenheit(): float {
        return ($this->celsius * 9 / 5) + 32;
    }
}