Access Modifiers in OOP — a practical guide to PHP access modifiers with clear examples you can reuse in real projects.
OOP Tutorial Series (13/65). Prefer one article? Read the complete OOP tutorial.
Short description
Access modifiers are a core encapsulation tool — they hide internal details and expose a safe API.
Visibility overview
public → accessible everywhere
protected → class + subclasses
private → only inside the same class